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{
  "id": "5d7c30f92f41c7001256af1d",
  "type": "Preprint",
  "data": {
    "abstract": "Most recent research on legal establishment of torture through informal institu- tions has concentrated on its appearance as a national policy. What has not been as extensively examined, however: is the use of torture, again justified by informal in- stitutions, to domestic law enforcement agencies. This paper will present a beginning study of this phenomena. I will suggest a model for how informal institutions allowing the appearance of torture can become established and an hypothesis derived from it. I will then use process tracing to analyze the development of torture within the Chicago Police Department and a counterfactual case, the absence of tortuous interrogations in the Boston Police Department. Together, these cases provide a preliminary test of the model. I will conclude with a discussion of what has been learned and some speculations on how the use of torture by domestic law enforcement agencies might be prevented.",
    "abstractViews": 702,
    "approvedDate": "2019-09-17T13:47:51.078Z",
    "assetFileName": "APSA Paper 22 Jul 19 .pdf",
    "assetFileSizeBytes": 929480,
    "assetMimeType": "application/pdf",
    "assetUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/engage/api-gateway/coe/assets/orp/resource/item/5d7c30f92f41c7001256af1d/original/the-metastasis-of-torture-how-torture-develops-in-law-enforcement-agencies-in-democracies.pdf",
    "authorIds": [
      "name:tracy lightcap"
    ],
    "categoryIds": [
      "5ce663395846762193c9c423"
    ],
    "citations": 0,
    "commentsCount": 0,
    "communityId": "APSA",
    "competingInterestsDeclaration": null,
    "contentDownloads": 497,
    "contentType": "Working Paper",
    "contentTypeId": "5ce663395846762193c9c430",
    "doi": "10.33774/apsa-2019-ptq7k",
    "doiUrl": "https://doi.org/10.33774/apsa-2019-ptq7k",
    "engageUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/engage/coe/article-details/5d7c30f92f41c7001256af1d",
    "eventId": null,
    "funders": [],
    "gainedEthicsApproval": null,
    "hasCompetingInterests": null,
    "isLatestVersion": true,
    "keywords": [
      "Torture",
      " informal institutions",
      " democracy",
      " police/order agencies"
    ],
    "licenseId": "5cc9d9bf7d4e0000ac04ef25",
    "publishedDate": "2019-09-17T13:47:51.091Z",
    "status": "PUBLISHED",
    "statusDate": "2019-09-17T13:47:51.091Z",
    "subjectId": "5e68cb1bd1f19d49ce3ac752",
    "submittedDate": "2019-09-14T00:24:39.966Z",
    "supplementaryFiles": [],
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/engage/api-gateway/coe/assets/orp/resource/item/5d7c30f92f41c7001256af1d/mediumThumb/the-metastasis-of-torture-how-torture-develops-in-law-enforcement-agencies-in-democracies.jpg",
    "title": "The Metastasis of Torture: How Torture Develops In Law Enforcement Agencies In Democracies\n",
    "version": "1",
    "vor": null,
    "webLinks": []
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}